Short answer
In US English, “literally” refers to something that is true in a factual sense or, informally, serves as an intensifier even for exaggeration. “Figuratively” signals that a statement is not meant to be taken as fact but as metaphor. 1 2 3
Both are adverbs describing how language relates to reality, but “literally” can now function as an intensifier, while “figuratively” always marks non-literal, metaphorical meaning.
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At a glance
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| Question | literally | figuratively |
|---|---|---|
| Does it mean factually true? | Usually, but sometimes not | No, always metaphorical |
| Used for emphasis? | Yes, often as intensifier | No, clarifies non-literal use |
The table summarizes the stated definitions and scope. 1 2 3
What each thing is
Literally. In contemporary US English, “literally” most often means either in a strict, factual sense or, informally, as an intensifier to emphasize a statement, even when not strictly true. Usage varies by context. 1 2
Figuratively. “Figuratively” means in a metaphorical or non-literal way, describing something using imaginative or symbolic language rather than exact, factual terms. 3
Key differences
The main distinction is whether a statement should be interpreted as factually accurate (literal) or as a metaphor or figure of speech (figurative). 2 3
How to tell them apart
To test: ask if the statement could be true exactly as stated. If yes, it’s literal; if not, it’s figurative. However, “literally” is also used for emphasis even when the statement is not strictly true. 1 2
Where they overlap
Although the words sound similar and both describe how language relates to reality, “literally” is sometimes used in contexts where the meaning is figurative, especially as an intensifier. 1
Edge cases
The use of “literally” as an intensifier before figurative expressions is well-attested and long-standing, though it remains controversial among some speakers and writers. 1 2
Why the distinction exists
“Literally” and “figuratively” serve different linguistic roles: one marks factual accuracy or emphasis, the other signals metaphor. Their functions reflect how speakers clarify or intensify meaning in communication. 2 3
Common misconceptions
A common misconception is that “literally” must always mean strictly factual. In reality, its emphatic, non-literal use is widespread and recognized by major dictionaries, though still debated. 1 2
Examples
Literal: “He literally locked the door.” Figurative: “He figuratively locked the door on his past.” The first means he actually secured it; the second means he moved on emotionally, not physically. 2 3
Sources
Sources checked October 3, 2026.
- Merriam-Webster — Did we change the definition of ‘literally’?. Usage guide: definitions, examples and exceptions.
- Merriam-Webster — Literally Definition & Meaning. Dictionary entry: definitions, usage examples and word history.
- Merriam-Webster — Figuratively Definition & Meaning. Dictionary entry: definitions, usage examples and word history.