Earth & environment
- Air mass vs weather front
- Air Quality Index (AQI) vs PM2.5
- Aquifer vs water table
- Bay vs gulf
- Bedrock vs regolith
- Blizzard vs snowstorm
- Climate variability vs climate change
- Cloud vs fog
- Confined aquifer vs unconfined aquifer
- Delta vs alluvial fan
- Dew vs frost
- Drought vs aridity
- Earth's crust vs lithosphere
- Earthquake vs aftershock
- Earthquake vs foreshock
- El Niño vs La Niña
- Epicenter vs hypocenter
- Erosion vs deposition
- Estuary vs delta
- Fault vs fracture
- Flood vs flash flood
- Freezing rain vs sleet
- Freshwater vs brackish water vs saltwater
- Glacier vs ice sheet
- Glacier vs iceberg
- Global warming vs climate change
- Groundwater vs surface water
- Hail vs sleet
- Hurricane vs tornado
- Hurricane vs typhoon vs cyclone
- Ice sheet vs ice shelf
- Igneous rock vs metamorphic rock
- Igneous rock vs sedimentary rock
- Intrusive vs extrusive rock
- Jet stream vs polar vortex
- Lake vs pond
- Lake vs reservoir
- Landslide vs mudslide
- Latitude vs longitude
- Lava vs volcanic ash
- Magma vs lava
- Magnitude vs intensity
- Meander vs oxbow lake
- Mineral vs crystal
- Mineral vs ore
- Ocean vs sea
- Ozone layer vs ground-level ozone
- Ozone vs smog
- Physical vs chemical weathering
- Relative humidity vs absolute humidity
- Relative humidity vs dew point
- Rock vs mineral
- Sand vs silt vs clay
- Sea ice vs ice sheet
- Sea ice vs iceberg
- Sedimentary rock vs metamorphic rock
- Sinkhole vs cave
- Soil vs compost
- Stalactite vs icicle
- Stalactite vs stalagmite
- Storm surge vs tsunami
- Strait vs channel
- Thunderstorm vs tornado
- Tide vs current
- Tide vs tsunami
- Tide vs wave
- Tornado vs funnel cloud
- Tributary vs distributary
- Tropical storm vs hurricane
- Troposphere vs stratosphere
- Tsunami vs tidal wave
- Weather vs climate
- Weather vs season
- Weather watch vs weather warning
- Weathering vs erosion